Learning how to use Adjective and Noun || Lexical Classifications of Verbs || Grammar Learning

 

Noun Definition:

Although they're not that well known outside the grammatical community, NOUNS are one of the basic building blocks of language.We use nouns to talk about things and actions, but even more important to describe them.In grammar, a noun is a part of speech that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea. Some nouns can act as another part of speech like a verb in certain contexts.

 

Nouns are a part of speech that is most often used to identify a person, place, thing, or idea.A verb is a word used to describe an action or state of being, while an adjective is used to describe something, like size, height, or color.

 

When writing in English, ideas must be expressed in an organized fashion so that the reader can follow along.Nouns are the words that people use to describe ideas.Many nouns have a singular and a plural form.Singular forms refer to one item while plural forms mean more than one item (for example,"car/cars", "monkey/monkeys")

Adjective Definition:

Adjectives are words that modify nouns or pronouns.They can also be used to modify phrases.In this article, we will tell you what is adjectives, the types of adjectives, and their examples.

 

The adjective is a word that is used to describe a noun.It tells about the quality of the noun or it may also tell us about the number count of the noun.The matter is to know what are adjectives and their examples in English.Adjectives are also known as modifiers or descriptive words since they can modify a noun and make clear or change its meaning.

 

Adjectives are often divided into 2 categories: attributive and predicative. Attributive adjectives in the phrase "The sweet girl" describe the girl.Predicative adjectives aren't followed by a noun or pronoun in the sentence, but they still describe some noun or pronoun.

 

Adjectives and nouns are two different parts of speech that you will need to fully understand in order to gain a firm grasp of the English language.While they are somewhat similar, they have a few key differences, so practice using them correctly.

Learning how to use Adjective and Noun: Lexical Classifications of Verbs:

Adjectives

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies another person or thing in the sentence.The article “a” is an adjective.

Adjective: a book

Noun: book

The adjective “a” tells us something about the noun book, namely that it is one specific book and not any old book. It answers the question "which one?"Here are some more examples of adjectives:

Adjective: green car

Adjective: tall building

Adjective: fat man

Adjectives can also be used to describe nouns in phrases like these:

Phrase: the big greenhouse with red shutters and a blue door.

Adjectives are words that describe or change another person or thing in a sentence. The articles -a, an,-are adjectives.

Nouns Name People, Places, and Things

Nouns are part of speech that names people, places, things, or ideas.

Here are some examples of nouns:

person: man, woman, teacher

place: home, office, town

thing: table, car, banana

idea: liberty, anger, freedom.

Lexical Classifications of Verbs:

The next step in our study of verbs is to learn about the lexical classifications of verbs.The lexical classification of a verb is determined by its function as a main verb.The lexical classifications are:transitive, intransitive, and linking.

Transitive Verbs:

A transitive verb always has a direct object.A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.It answers the question Who?or what?after an action verb.Some examples of transitive verbs are given below, together with their direct objects.

Alex handed me an envelope. (me = direct object)

I ate dinner early tonight. (dinner = direct object)

The conductor punched my ticket. (ticket = direct object)

Intransitive Verbs:

An intransitive verb does not have a direct object.An intransitive verb will not answer the question whom?or what?after an action verb.Some examples of intransitive verbs are given below:

She smiled at me and then walked away.(smiled, walked = intransitive verbs)

I listened to music until midnight last night. (listened = intransitive verb)

The verb group of a sentence contains at least one finite verb, which is a verb form that indicates agreement with its subject.A finite verb is either the main verb (or lexical verb) or an auxiliary.Verbs are classified as lexical verbs or auxiliaries according to their use in the sentence.Some lexical verbs can also function as auxiliaries,but these are separated into two classes so that they can be studied in more detail.

Lexical Verbs

Lexical verbs (also called main verbs) carry the meaning of the predicate.A sentence may consist of only one lexical verb, such as "Paul runs." Lexical verbs can also be accompanied by being, have, do, and modal auxiliaries;for example: "Paul has run," "Paul does run" and "Paul should run."

 

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs (or helping verbs) accompany main verbs to express grammatical distinctions not carried by the main verb alone,including person (she reads), number (they read), tense (he was reading), mood (he would read), voice (the ball was hit) and aspect (they have been reading).

 

Lexical classifications of verbs identify whether a verb is active or stative, transitive or intransitive,linking or non-linking, and ditransitive.

 

Verbs have traditionally been defined as words that show action or state of being.The concept is very simple and is probably the reason why verbs are taught to students of English as one of the first parts of speech that they learn.However, when we start looking at verbs closely and considering more complex issues such as transitivity, aspect, tense, and so on, things can get a little confusing.

 

One common way to classify verbs is according to whether the verb is transitive or intransitive.Transitive verbs are those verbs that must be used with a direct object in order to convey complete meaning.For example, in the sentence John ate an apple, the verb ate is transitive because it must be used with a noun (i.e., an apple) in order to make sense.Intransitive verbs do not take objects;instead, they express a state of being or an occurrence.Some examples of intransitive verbs include arrive, sneeze, sit, and run.

Importance of Adjective and Noun:

The most important part of a sentence is its verb, but it needs the support of nouns and adjectives to make clear what is being done.Adverbs are also important because they modify the verb and tell us more about the action.

 

"Jenny ate an apple" is a simple sentence.The verb "ate" tells us what Jenny did.But it doesn't tell us much else.We don't know if she ate the apple in one bite or two, if she was hungry or not, if she liked it or not, etc.Adjectives and adverbs can help answer these questions.

 

"Jenny ate a large apple," tells us more than "Jenny ate an apple."We now know that her apple was large and we can imagine her taking big bites out of it.If we knew that Jenny was very small, we might think that this was quite a feat!

 

The word "apple" is the subject of our sentence and the word "large" is an adjective that describes it.Adjectives are used to describe nouns or pronouns in a sentence,making them more specific and interesting.The same goes for adverbs which describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs in a sentence by adding information about time, and place.

 

Importance Of Lexical Classifications Of Verbs:

However, verbs are also classified according to their semantics, or meaning.The most common semantic classification is the one in which verbs are divided into stative and dynamic verbs.Stative verbs occur with state predicates(or stative clauses) and dynamic verbs occur with event predicates (or dynamic clauses).

 

The importance of lexical classifications of verbs for the development of the algorithmic synthesis of infinitive sentences in a complex language is proved.

 

The structural and semantic features of the finite verb forms of the German language,which are needed to analyze the structure of subordinate clauses and form the desired combination of time and mood in the main clause, are revealed.

 

Lexical classifications are important in a number of ways.They are useful to linguists because they help them to describe language.They are useful also to foreign learners of English, as they provide information about language use;for example, whether a verb is transitive or intransitive tells us whether it is used with an object or not.

 

Verbs can be divided into different classes according to their use in the language and the patterns they form.The most important of these classes are:

·       Regular and irregular verbs

·       Auxiliary verbs (also called helping verbs)

·       Transitive and intransitive verbs

·       Ditransitive verbs

·       Dynamic and stative verbs

·       Finite and non-finite verbs

Main verbs (also called lexical verbs) and modal verbs

 

Verb classification is a necessary part of lexicography.It helps to determine the meaning of words and their usage in the language.Lexical classifications of verbs can be made according to their meaning (lexico-semantic types),or according to the combinability with certain words, etc.

 

Verbs are classified according to the semantic unique features describing their meaning.One of the earliest and most important classifications was established on the basis of the opposition between active and passive voice.The active voice is characterized by the direct-acting;in its turn, the passive voice implies that someone or something is being acted upon by another person or thing.Such oppositions as transitive intransitive and concrete abstract, can be used for distinguishing verb subclasses.

 

Some linguists add verbs denoting state to this list. These verbs denote a state that lasts for some time, such as life or existence, which are also called stative verbs.Stative verbs cannot have an object and cannot take -ing forms or infinitives without to, so they cannot be used in continuous tenses or progressive aspects:

I am living there now. (incorrect)

I live there now. (correct).

 

The classifications of words that we have looked at so far help to understand the structure of a language,but they are not enough.English verbs, for example, can be used to express activities(run, go),states (be, appear), and changes (become, develop).The classification of verbs into these categories is called lexical aspect.

 

The distinction between activity and state is often referred to as telicity.The difference between these two kinds of processes is not always easy to define or describe,but there are some generalizations that can be made:

 

The activity category has an internal logical structure which enables it to be seen as having different phases within it.

An activity is conceived as having a beginning and an end;

A state does not have this internal logical structure;it does not have in its nature a beginning or an end;

If we say that someone ran 100 meters we are talking about an event or activity with a clear starting point from which the runner moved over a distance until he reached the finishing point.The verb run describes this movement in a way that makes the fact that he moved the whole distance clear.

hope so you learn a lot of things about nouns, adjectives, and the lexical classification of verbs.